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Journal of Neuroinflammation Sep 2022Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its pathogenesis is still unclear. There is dysbiosis of gut microbiota in AD patients. More...
Injection of amyloid-β to lateral ventricle induces gut microbiota dysbiosis in association with inhibition of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease.
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its pathogenesis is still unclear. There is dysbiosis of gut microbiota in AD patients. More importantly, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been observed not only in AD patients, but also in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis in AD is poorly understood. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is an important pathway for the central nervous system (CNS) regulation of peripheral immune homeostasis, especially in the gut. Therefore, we speculated that dysfunction of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a potential pathway for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AD.
METHODS
In this study, we constructed AD model mice by injecting Aβ into the lateral ventricle, and detected the cognitive level of mice by the Morris water maze test. In addition, 16S rDNA high-throughput analysis was used to detect the gut microbiota abundance of each group at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect alteration of intestinal structure of mice, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and APP process of brain and colon in each group.
RESULTS
Aβ i.c.v induced cognitive impairment and neuron damage in the brain of mice. At the same time, Aβ i.c.v induced alteration of gut microbiota at 4 weeks after surgery, while there was no difference at the baseline and 2 weeks after surgery. In addition, changes in colon structure and increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors were detected in Aβ treatment group, accompanied by inhibition of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. Amyloidogenic pathways in both the brain and colon were accelerated in Aβ treatment group.
CONCLUSIONS
The present findings suggested that Aβ in the CNS can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, alter intestinal structure and accelerate the amyloidogenic pathways, which were related to inhibiting cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; DNA, Ribosomal; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lateral Ventricles; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroimmunomodulation
PubMed: 36171620
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02599-4 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Feb 2015Intraventricular schwannoma in either infra or supratentorial location is an extremely rare tumor with less than 20 cases described in the literature to date. There is...
Intraventricular schwannoma in either infra or supratentorial location is an extremely rare tumor with less than 20 cases described in the literature to date. There is no consensus regarding the origin of this tumor. This paper describes an excised supratentorial schwannoma located on the wall of the left lateral ventricle. The relevant literature is reviewed. A 34-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with a recent episode of right focal motor seizures and weakness of the right lower extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous enhancing mass in the body of left lateral ventricle mass lesion with vasogenic edema in the adjacent brain parenchyma. The patient underwent a left frontoparietal parasagittal craniotomy with neuronavigational guidance to avoid damage to the primary motor cortex. The tumor originated from the ependymal layer and extended to the body of lateral ventricle. Complete surgical excision of the tumor was achieved. Intraventricular schwannomas are rare tumors amenable to complete surgical excision, having a good prognosis without the need for adjuvant therapy. The recognition of this benign and potentially curable neoplasm and its differentiation from other less favorable tumors is of obvious importance.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neurilemmoma; Supratentorial Neoplasms
PubMed: 25924172
DOI: 10.15274/NRJ-2014-10104 -
Stem Cells Translational Medicine Apr 2020
Review
Topics: Apoptosis; Carcinogenesis; Exosomes; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Neurogenesis; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 32227467
DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0095 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021We studied cell proliferation in the postnatal mouse brain between the ages of 2 and 30 months and identified four compartments with different densities of proliferating...
We studied cell proliferation in the postnatal mouse brain between the ages of 2 and 30 months and identified four compartments with different densities of proliferating cells. The first identified compartment corresponds to the postnatal pallial neurogenic (PPN) zone in the telencephalon; the second to the subpallial postnatal neurogenic (SPPN) zone in the telencephalon; the third to the white matter bundles in the telencephalon; and the fourth to all brain parts outside of the other three compartments. We estimated that about 3.4 million new cells, including 0.8 million in the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus, are produced in the PPN zone. About 21 million new cells, including 10 million in the subependymal zone (SEZ) in the lateral walls of the lateral ventricle and 2.7 million in the rostral migratory stream (RMS), are produced in the SPPN zone. The third and fourth compartments together produced about 31 million new cells. The analysis of cell proliferation in neurogenic zones shows that postnatal neurogenesis is the direct continuation of developmental neurogenesis in the telencephalon and that adult neurogenesis has characteristics of the late developmental process. As a developmental process, adult neurogenesis supports only compensatory regeneration, which is very inefficient.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Hippocampus; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Regeneration; Telencephalon
PubMed: 33810614
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073449 -
Cells Jul 2022Oligodendrogenesis is essential for replacing worn-out oligodendrocytes, promoting myelin plasticity, and for myelin repair following a demyelinating injury in the adult... (Review)
Review
Oligodendrogenesis is essential for replacing worn-out oligodendrocytes, promoting myelin plasticity, and for myelin repair following a demyelinating injury in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells are an important source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain; however, there are considerable differences in oligodendrogenesis from neural stem cells residing in different areas of the adult brain. Amongst the distinct niches containing neural stem cells, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are considered the principle areas of adult neurogenesis. In addition to these areas, radial glia-like cells, which are the precursors of neural stem cells, are found in the lining of the third ventricle, where they are called tanycytes, and in the cerebellum, where they are called Bergmann glia. In this review, we will describe the contribution and regulation of each of these niches in adult oligodendrogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Lateral Ventricles; Mammals; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis
PubMed: 35805185
DOI: 10.3390/cells11132101 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2020The cerebral ventricles have been studied since the fourth century BC and were originally thought to harbor the soul and higher executive functions. During the infancy... (Review)
Review
The cerebral ventricles have been studied since the fourth century BC and were originally thought to harbor the soul and higher executive functions. During the infancy of neuroradiology, alterations to the ventricular shape and position on pneumoencephalography and ventriculography were signs of mass effect or volume loss. However, in the current era of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging, variation in ventricular anatomy is more easily detectable and its clinical significance is still being investigated. Interpreting radiologists must be aware of anatomic variations of the ventricular system to prevent mistaking normal variants for pathology. We will review of the anatomy and development of the lateral ventricles and discuss several ventricular variations.
Topics: Humans; Lateral Ventricles
PubMed: 32079598
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6456 -
Stem Cell Research Mar 2016Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for brain tumor patients. However, it comes with side effects, such as neurological deficits. While likely multi-factorial, the... (Review)
Review
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for brain tumor patients. However, it comes with side effects, such as neurological deficits. While likely multi-factorial, the effect may in part be associated with the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches. In the adult mammalian brain, the neurogenic niches are localized in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where the neural stem cells (NSCs) reside. Several reports showed that radiation produces a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions, which is related to functional decline. In particular, radiation to the SVZ led to a reduced long-term olfactory memory and a reduced capacity to respond to brain damage in animal models, as well as compromised tumor outcomes in patients. By contrast, other studies in humans suggested that increased radiation dose to the SVZ may be associated with longer progression-free survival in patients with high-grade glioma. In this review, we summarize the cellular and functional effects of irradiating the SVZ niche. In particular, we review the pros and cons of using radiation during brain tumor treatment, discussing the complex relationship between radiation dose to the SVZ and both tumor control and toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Neural Stem Cells; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 26921873
DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.031 -
Neurology India 2020A 4-year-old male child presented with features of raised intracranial pressure due to tumor in the left lateral ventricle with shunt blockage. Ventriculoperitoneal... (Review)
Review
A 4-year-old male child presented with features of raised intracranial pressure due to tumor in the left lateral ventricle with shunt blockage. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done earlier (one month ago). Craniotomy and gross total excision of the tumor was achieved. Histopathological examination was suggestive of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid tumor. Patient relatives were not compliant with the advice for adjuvant therapy and patient expired after three months of definitive surgery due to aggressive course of the disease. To the best of our knowledge only six cases of AT/RT of the lateral ventricle in pediatric population has been described in literature. The tumor may mimic radiologically with benign pathology and can have an aggressive course with poor outcome. Differential diagnosis of AT/RT must be kept in cases of lateral ventricle tumor in pediatric population.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Rhabdoid Tumor; Teratoma; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
PubMed: 33342894
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.304127 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process during which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in two discrete regions of the adult brain: the... (Review)
Review
Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process during which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in two discrete regions of the adult brain: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Defects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been linked to cognitive decline and dysfunction during natural aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as psychological stress-induced mood disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways that regulate adult neurogenesis is crucial to improving preventative measures and therapies for these conditions. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondria directly regulate various steps and phases of adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings on how mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and reactive oxygen species control several aspects of adult neural stem cell function and their differentiation to newborn neurons. It also discusses the importance of autophagy for adult neurogenesis, and how mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction may contribute to cognitive defects and stress-induced mood disorders by compromising adult neurogenesis. Finally, I suggest possible ways to target mitochondrial function as a strategy for stem cell-based interventions and treatments for cognitive and mood disorders.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Brain; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cognition Disorders; Dentate Gyrus; Hippocampus; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Lysosomes; Mitochondria; Mood Disorders; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33805219
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073342 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2019Few investigators have studied the lateral ventricle formation related to the development of the calcarine sulcus. Our purpose was to establish the relationship between...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Few investigators have studied the lateral ventricle formation related to the development of the calcarine sulcus. Our purpose was to establish the relationship between the lateral ventricles and the calcarine sulcus in the second and third trimesters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fetal brain MR imaging (3T and 7T) was performed in 84 fetuses at 14-35 gestational weeks. The lateral ventricles and calcarine sulcus were 3D-reconstructed, and quantitative measurements were obtained.
RESULTS
The lateral ventricle volume decreases slowly at 14-23 gestational weeks and then increases rapidly at 24-35 gestational weeks. The depth and length of the calcarine sulcus develop with the increase in gestational weeks, leading to be squeezed in the lateral ventricle posterior horn. A linear correlation occurs between the calcarine sulcus length and posterior horn length: Right-length = 2.4204 (L) - 27.5706, Left-length = 2.0939 (L) - 23.4099.
CONCLUSIONS
The variation of lateral ventricle volume evolved from a slow to rapid increase at 14-35 gestational weeks. The shrinkage in the lateral ventricle posterior horn is accompanied by the development of the calcarine sulcus, resulting in a better linear correlation between the calcarine sulcus length and the posterior horn length. The present results are valuable in elucidating the evolution of lateral ventricle development and provide clues for the diagnosis of lateral ventricle abnormalities in the prenatal examination.
Topics: Female; Fetus; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Neurogenesis; Occipital Lobe
PubMed: 30894357
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6013